Colposcopy is a medical procedure that is performed by a gynaecologist to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of abnormal tissue or growths. The procedure is typically recommended when a Pap smear or HPV test indicates the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix, or if a patient has other symptoms or risk factors that suggest the possibility of cervical cancer or other conditions.

During a colposcopy, the patient lies on an examination table and a speculum is used to gently open the vagina. The gynaecologist then uses a colposcope, which is a special instrument that magnifies the tissue 10 to 40 times it normal size, to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva. 

If the gynaecologist sees any abnormal tissue, she may take a biopsy, which involves removing a small piece of tissue from the cervix, vagina, or vulva for further testing. The biopsy is typically done using a small tool called a biopsy forceps or a special brush.

Colposcopy is a safe and generally well-tolerated procedure, although some patients may experience mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure. Most patients are able to resume normal activities immediately after the procedure A colposcopy is a very safe procedure with few complications. Light bleeding or discharge for up to a week after the exam is normal. Results from the biopsy may take several days to a week to come back, and the gynaecologist will follow up with the patient to discuss any abnormalities and determine next steps for treatment or monitoring.