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Dilation and curettage is a procedure performed to evaluate the inside of the uterus and is a more extensive evaluation than an endometrial biopsy. Dilation is the widening of the cervix that allows instruments to pass into the uterus, while curettage is the scraping of the uterine walls.

It is preceded by a hysteroscopy to visually evaluate the inside of the uterus prior to the D & C. The hysteroscopy with D & C is performed to diagnose uterine cancer, to remove uterine polyps or fibroids in the cavity and to treat heavy bleeding